The Man Of The Moment - 800 Words

Man of the Moment Despite the academic squabbling that caused some articles to read as petty personal disagreements, Mungo Man remained a present and prominent figure in these texts of public discussion. This is undoubtedly due to his continued personification by both Jim Bowler and journalists. While the articles were primarily concerned with numbers, dates and the radiocarbon methods that achieved them, they did not make the mistake of displacing the narrative’s characters from public view. This offers one explanation as to why earlier representations of Mungo Man were not as lasting, and why images of him in the 1990s and early twenty-first century continued to work their way into the public consciousness. While the dates of Mungo Man’s time depth are important, their meaning remains unsurprisingly untranslatable when it is not tethered to a personified image. This sentiment was reflected in 1991, when Barbara Toner reviewed an ABC documentary Dating the Dreamtime that waded through Australian archaeological material in order to determine the exact date humans â€Å"took up residence† in Australia. Toner describes the program as a â€Å"puzzle which nudged the imagination† by linking various human remains found all over Australia, including Mungo Man. However, the puzzle lost its intrigue when the program led the viewer into â€Å"the realms of numbers and rulers†: Toner lamented that â€Å"so much of it was conducted in test tubes, sorting and dating blood samples taken from bones andShow MoreRelatedThe Characters Of Flannery O Connor s A Good Man Is Hard1677 Words   |  7 PagesThe Characters of Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† The Grandmother and the Misfit are O’Connor’s major characters in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†. Even though there are other characters a part of this story, the unnamed grandmother and the Misfit are the round characters as well as the main focus of the story. We are introduced to both characters early on because it’s coming from the grandmother’s point of view and we also discover that The Misfit is an escaped murderer but, we doRead MoreSummary Of A Good Man Is Hard And Find By Flannery O Connor1114 Words   |  5 Pages Man is Hard to Find Theme Essay: Religion ENG1300/ Literature Anthony Copeland December 16, 2014 In the short story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† by Flannery O’ Connor, the major theme in this story to me is how religion plays such a larger role in some lives more than others. The grandmother, a prime example for this, shows throughout the story that having â€Å"faith† isn’t a saving grace and misplaced faith could possibly get you killed. The major confrontationRead MoreEssay on Apollo 19691352 Words   |  6 Pages1969 Apollo 11 moon landing 1. The purpose of the article Man Takes Fist Steps on the Moon by The Times is to announce to the audience the greatest moment of time, which is the moment when Neil Armstrong became the first man to take a walk on the moon’s surface. The interaction that the speaker, audience, and subject develop affects the text in a way that it accomplishes the purpose The Times had, and it also makes the text more interesting. The purpose of the following speechRead More Jonothan Edwards Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesJonothan Edwards Works Cited Not Included He was considered a genius, quoted as a man of formidable intellect and master of puritan revival. During his time, he was an uncompromising Calvinist and he had the power of single-handedly keeping the Puritan faith strong and alive for almost sixty years by using a sort of influential scare tactic to provoke his audience. His name was Jonathan Edwards and his use of imagery was exquisite. In one of his great sermons Sinners in the Hands of an AngryRead MoreThe Hounds of Fate: Character Analysis of Martin Stoner661 Words   |  3 Pageshis internal or external life. Letting life happen to him, rather than seizing the moment, hunger, fatigue, and despairing hopelessness had numbed his brain, and he could scarcely summon sufficient energy to wonder what underlying impulse was driving him onward. This is the moment when Stoners fate seems to change, at least for a while. An old man mistakes Martin Stoner for a man named Uncle Tom. Meeting the old man is the first time in The Hounds of Fate in which power and authority shift, changingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Tank Man And David Seymour Of Tereska 1097 Words   |  5 Pagesfor historical moments. Moments shown in Tank Man and Tereska Draws Her Home both portray two individuals who symbolize people who have suffered from the acts of the government and or the military. The two photographers, Jeff Widener of Tank Man and David Seymour of Tereska Draws Her Home, take different approaches documenting moments in history, from the Tiananmen Square Incident of 1989 in Tank Man to the Holocaust in Tereska Draws Her Home. Their execution in capturing these moments greatly affectsRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral 943 Words   |  4 Pagesuneasy feeling of having a blind-man coming to his house to visit. In the beginning the narrator is un-named, we read the story as thoughts within his mind. His actions gives-off a sense of jealousy. He’s bothered by the former relationship the blind-man and his wife has had in the past. He is blunt and honest with (us) in telling how he feels about the situation. â€Å"I wasn’t enthusiastic about his visit. He was no one I knew. And his being blind bothered me.† â€Å"A blind man in my house was not somethingRead MoreAnalysis Of Machiavelli s The Prince 1370 Words   |  6 PagesThere are three phases to time, the past, the present, and the future, and it is understanding the relationship between these three phases and their collective relationship with mankind that has fueled debates throughout the history of man. Niccolo Machiavelli and Immanuel Kant are political philosophers who have grappled with these very relationships. Machiavelli wrote The Prince over three centuries before the process of Italian unification had b egun. The Italian Peninsula was fragmented andRead MorePhilosophy of Language Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy of Language Man initially thought that language afforded him a better knowledge of things rather than merely a designation of things. However, this is based on an exact notion of things, and no exactness exists; identity can only be conceptual, for there is nothing in life that is identical. The mythology of language rests in this search for the exactness of things and the schematization of our world. Language evolved simultaneously with consciousness, for we felt the need toRead MoreThe Presence of God In People Essay1178 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom Him in the midst of their busy day, God shows up -Michael W. Smith (Worship 9). While there are so many signs that the presence of God is in a place, it is sometimes easy to miss becoming intimate with him in that moment. How can a person become intimate with God in that moment? How can a person touch God? How can they usher in His presence in the first place? The answer to all of these questions is found in one place. Worship is the key to opening the floodgates of heaven, getting the attention

The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison - 833 Words

Is someone who strives to become something that they are not, motivated simply by acceptance? For example, a person who changes his or her hairstyle or way of dress may desire to be seen as cool. Also, others may even join a sport simply to be popular and feel more accepted. In our lives, we are always changing and adjusting in order to show progress or to be seen as better. The changing of one’s race is another action taken by individuals who seek acceptance in high society. In The Bluest Eye, the author Toni Morrison tells of several intertwining stories of many black individuals. Most of these individuals, when addressed by other characters, struggle with negative references of name-calling and descriptions. Negative remarks aside, some black individuals in the novel are raised in a light that mirrors the opposing race’s life rather than their own. Throughout the novel, the author and society constantly place black individuals on a lower pedestal so much that they s trive to be white or to have white qualities. Thoughts and the action of thinking can be more defining than actions themselves. For example, â€Å"[His mother wanted him to play with] white kids; his mother did not like him to play with niggers †¦ [because] niggers [are] dirty and loud† (Morrison 87). These thoughts come from a character in the novel by the name of Geraldine. The thoughts show how she feels about two different races. The quote implies that she not only wants to demean blacks but it also implies thatShow MoreRelatedThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1720 Words   |  7 Pagesof The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison, criticizes the danger of race discrimination for any kinds of situations with no exception. The purpose of the paper is explain how pervasive and destructive social racism was bound to happen in American society. The intended audiences are not only black people, but also other races had suffered racism until now. I could find out and concentrate on the most notable symbols which are whiteness, blue eyes and the characterization while reading the novel. Toni MorrisonRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1587 Words   |  7 Pagessaid, â€Å"We were born to die and we die to live.† Toni Morrison correlates to Nelson’s quote in her Nobel Lecture of 1993, â€Å"We die. That may be the meaning of life. But we do language. That may be the measure of our lives.† In Toni Morrison’s novel, The Bluest Eye, she uses language to examine the concepts of racism, lack of self-identity, gender roles, and socioeconomic hardships as they factor into a misinterpretation of the American Dream. Morrison illustrates problems that these issues provoke throughRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison956 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Slavery Influenced the Characters of The Bluest Eye Unlike so many pieces of American literature that involve and examine the history of slavery and the years of intensely-entrenched racism that ensued, the overall plot of the novel, The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, does not necessarily involve slavery directly, but rather examines the aftermath by delving into African-American self-hatred. Nearly all of the main characters in The Bluest Eye who are African American are dominated by the endlessRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1189 Words   |  5 PagesA standard of beauty is established by the society in which a person lives and then supported by its members in the community. In the novel The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, we are given an extensive understanding of how whiteness is the standard of beauty through messages throughout the novel that whiteness is superior. Morrison emphasizes how this ideality distorts the minds and lives of African-American women and children. He emphasizes that in order for African-American wom en to survive in aRead MoreThe Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison1095 Words   |  5 PagesSocial class is a major theme in the book The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison. Toni Morrison is saying that there are dysfunctional families in every social class, though people only think of it in the lower class. Toni Morrison was also stating that people also use social class to separate themselves from others and apart from race; social class is one thing Pauline and Geraldine admire.Claudia, Pecola, and Frieda are affected by not only their own social status, but others social status too - for exampleRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison2069 Words   |  9 Pagesblack/whiteness. Specifically, white people were positioned at the upper part of the hierarchy, whereas, African Americans were inferior. Consequently, white people were able to control and dictate to the standards of beauty. In her novel, ‘The Bluest Eye’, Toni Morrison draws upon symbolism, narrative voice, setting and id eals of the time to expose the effects these standards had on the different characters. With the juxtaposition of Claudia MacTeer and Pecola Breedlove, who naively conforms to the barrierRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1103 Words   |  5 Pages Toni Morrison is known for her prized works exploring themes and issues that are rampant in African American communities. Viewing Toni Morrison’s novel The Bluest Eye from a psychoanalytical lens sheds light onto how, as members of a marginalized group, character’s low self-esteem reflect into their actions, desires, and defense mechanisms. In her analysis of psychoanalytical criticism, Lois Tyson focuses on psychological defense mechanisms such as selective perception, selective memory, denialRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, encompasses the themes of youth, gender, and race. The African American Civil Rights Movement had recently ended at the time the novel was written. In the book, Morrison utilizes a first-person story to convey her views on racial inequality. The protagonist and her friends find themselves in moments where they are filled with embarrassment and have a wish to flee such events. Since they are female African Americans, they are humiliated in society. One of Morrison’sRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1462 Words   |  6 PagesBildungsroman literature in the 20th century embodies the virtues of different authors’ contexts and cultures, influencing the fictional stories of children’s lives around the wo rld.. The Bluest Eye is a 1970 publication by Toni Morrison set in 1940s Ohio in America, focal around the consequence of racism in an American community on the growth of a child, distinct in its use of a range of narrative perspectives. Annie John by Jamaica Kincaid is a novel set in post colonial Antigua, published in 1985Read MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison992 Words   |  4 PagesSet in the 1940s, during the Great Depression, the novel The Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, illustrates in the inner struggles of African-American criticism. The Breedloves, the family the story revolves around a poor, black and ugly family. They live in a two-room store front, which is open, showing that they have nothing. In the family there is a girl named Pecola Breedlove, she is a black and thinks that she is ugly because she is not white. Pecola’s father, Cholly Breedlove, goes through humiliated

Minimizing Preoperative and Postoperative †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Minimizing Preoperative and Postoperative Limping. Answer: Introduction The paper deals with the case study of Mrs. Anitha Smith. She has been referred to occupational therapist after total hip replacement. Occupational therapy refers to team of social workers, nurses, physiotherapist working as a part of multidisciplinary team. The aim of the occupational therapy is to enhance self-independence of client and ensure safety during recovery process (Blom et al., 2016). The paper highlights the occupational performance issues observed after interview with the client. The strengths of clients are identified and based on overall assessment SMART (Smart Measurable Achievable Realistic Time bound) goals and interventions are discussed. The intervention strategies are developed as a part of the role of occupational therapist based on evidence from literature. In order to develop interventions for the client an interview was conducted to gain sufficient knowledge on her background. The background assessment was guided by the Person-Environment-Occupational Performance (PEOP) model. It is a transactive system model that helps focus on the clients extrinsic and intrinsic influences on activities of daily living (Arcand-Dusseault Egan, 2015). Mrs. Anitha Smith is 76 years old living in single storey house in a small town. She was social, active and independent before the surgery. Mrs. Anita is not having good sleep due to facilities schedule. She is lacking good nutrition as she is having slow meals. She has good fluid intact and has lost weight recently. She needs physical assistance for moving out of bed as she has low body strength and restricted flexibility due to which she is toileting on bed. It may severely impact her daily life activities. She is under medication for pain and blood pressure. Her mental function is not intact due to post surgery medications. She is stressed due to pain and poor mobility. She has poor mental well being due to recent death of her husband. She seems to have good self esteem. The patient has reduced balance. Nneuromusculoskeletal and functions related mobility such as joint mobility, joint stability, gait patterns, are all impacted in the replaced hip. She has good coordination and is mentally alert. She has good reasoning when focused. Mrs. Anita loves her independence, good work ethic and gives importance to social participation. Currently she is dependent on state pension income. She lives in her one storey building with just one step at the back of entrance. Her home has here bedrooms and two bathrooms. She is widow, living alone. She is friendly and exhibits socially appropriate behavior. She has support of friends but she is withdrawing from communication. She has no loved ones nearby her. Mrs. Anita engages in wide range of occupations. She loves going out with friends, travelling, shopping, gardening activities and home Management. She is involved in self-care and kitchen work. She independently involves in grocery shopping. Occupational performance issues It is evident from the PEOP assessment of Mrs. Anita that the primary issues are: Her physical mobility led to inability to manage transfers that is chair, bed and toilet. She has not attempted self care and has been toileting on bed. It has great impact on occupational performance of Mrs. Anita. Lack of mobility is adding to lack of endurance. Increasing strength and endurance can improve the dynamic balance (Horstmann et al., 2013). Pain Management is necessary to relieve mental distress and anxiety. Addressing pain related issue may help Anita better focus on other activities of daily living and have good sleep and relieve fatigue (Emerson et al., 2014) Bereavement due to death of spouse and surgical complications. Anitas occupational performance is effected due to both physical and mental stress. Loneliness and decreased communication with neighbors and friends will further deteriorate mental well being (Ollivier et al., 2014) She is not able to manage dressing and washing safely. Assistance for such personal activities may lead to embracement and loss of dignity. Need of adequate support to prepare meals. For the past few days Anita has been cooking slow meals and is not having adequate diet which caused her to lose weight. Need of adaptive equipment (kitchen trolley, perching stools in bathroom) to practice domestic tasks after discharge such as cooking. Such equipment can be used to carry out activities easier. Without which she will continue to have poor quality of life due to unmanageable lifestyle (Singh Lewallen, 2014) Lack of adaptive equipment and assistance may increase the risk of fall and in future. I will increase the risk of girdle instability, gait disturbance, and hip pain. Identification of clients strength Based on the PEOP model of assessment it was found that Mrs Anitas strength is her high self esteem, social support from neighbors and friends. Social connectedness will help overcome emotional stress and gain confidence (Brembo et al., 2017). She has good coordination, is mentally alert, and is indicative of good cognition. She has good reasoning when focused. She is following the doctors instructions and the given hip precautions. It means if she is educated about the precautions to be taken to improve mobility she will recover quickly. It indicates that she will participate actively in recovery process (Goyal et al., 2017). In addition, she values her independence and was independent prior to hip replacement. She is motivated to return home. Therefore, providing adequate support and technique to improve her physical independence will restore her previous activities such as cooking, home Management, shopping and others. Considering the occupational performance issues it can be concluded that the required performance skills are: gripping walker, controlling limbs, control of walker, have proper gait cycle and improve balance. The required body functions are: mobility of joints, and improved lower body strength. After interview and assessment specific, achievable, measurable and realistic and time bound occupational therapy goals are set for patient. SMART goals: Ms Anita will be able to walk by using 4 wheel walker within 3 weeks Increase clients ability to complete a simple painting in standing (slow efforts to increase consecutive time during each stand)- in 2 weeks Refer Ms Anita to Physiotherapy to increase her dynamic stability in hip within 8 weeks Ms Anita will be able to shower herself independently and safely within 4 weeks by using require assistive devices like shower stool hand grabs Home assessment will be completed by occupational therapist within 1 week to ensure clients home is safe for discharge Relaxation technique will be used to eliminate mental stress and anxiety- Within 1 month Interventional strategies Mrs. Anita can receive health care service at her home. Initially, she will continue the inpatient rehabilitation. After achieving the short-term goals such as using the walker, she will be discharged. Prior to which she will be given a facility protocol for hip replacement. Prior to discharge the patient will be provided with guidelines and materials for education on her illness to ensure safety. It includes how to ensure safe environment such as removing obstacles from path to prevent fall and ensure sufficient lighting in washroom, kitchen and hall area (Goyal et al., 2017). Mrs. Anita will be given training on use of assistive device such as walker with precautions during bathing and technique to get in and out of tub, and in shower, getting in and out of car. Walker is assistive device that prevents fall and risk of injury by helping to balance and maintain hip position (Mikkelsen et al., 2014).Training on yard work, laundry and shopping using appropriate shoes, walker, gait belt, glasses followed by training on having grip and control of walker will be provided to the client. To improve mobilization, the client will be trained by physiotherapist on post operative exercises. Exercises that can be performed while on bed- Ankle pumps (10 repetitions every 5-10 minutes) Heel slides and Quad sets (10 repetitions 3-4 times per day) Standing exercises holding firm surfaces to complete a simple painting in standing Standing knee raises but not higher than waist Standing hip abduction includes movement of hip, knee and foot Standing hip extensions These exercises are designed to restore strength, dynamic stability and mobility to hip. It will help client to return to daily life activities or occupations (Villadsen et al., 2014). Training on advanced exercises and activities (to be repeated 4 times a day with ten times each session) Resistive hip flexion- standing with feet lightly apart and forward motion of one leg with knee kept in straight position Resistive hip abduction-outward stretching of leg by standing sideways from door Resistive hip extensions- stretching of leg while facing the door attached with tubing and restore previous position Excercycling- Walking (slowly initially with care until regain of balance)- walk initially for 5-10 minutes and increase the time after improvement in strength and endurance Advanced exercises are necessary because hip muscles are weakened due to pain after fall and surgery (Villadsen et al., 2014). Training and instruction on correct use of assistive devices such as trochanter roll. Trochanter roll aid in hip alignment when the body is unable to support itself without causing injury. It prevents external rotation of hip (Blom et al., 2016). It is important for client to learn to change positions properly on bed to relieve pressure with a little pain possible. Transferring to bed is risky and holds high risk of fall and injury (Mikkelsen et al., 2014). Training includes teaching how to use trapezbar when transferring in bed and kitchen trolley. The patient requires instructions on use of compression stockings. She will given instructions on method of wearing of SCD device. Daily use of compression stockings helps to reduce the development of deep vein thrombosis and aid in pain Management (Singh Lewallen, 2014). Music therapy has been found effective technique for relaxation in various chronic diseases. It is in effective in marinating body-mind in calm and composed state. Music will help Anita to relax and relieve stress caused by pain and bereavement (Hsu et al., 2016). Conclusion In conclusion, occupational therapy is vital for helping patients of hip replacement surgery to improve functional limitations while promoting safety and success. The assignment was helpful in providing deep insights into occupational therapy interventions for hip replacement. It helped in developing reasoning skills, assessment based on the interview and identification of risks and strength associated with client. References Arcand-Dusseault, C., Egan, M. (2015). Occupations and personal projects: A comparison of the concepts.British Journal of Occupational Therapy,78(5), 303-310. Blom, A. W., Artz, N., Beswick, A. D., Burston, A., Dieppe, P., Elvers, K. T., ... Lenguerrand, E. (2016). Occupational therapy in total hip replacement: systematic review and feasibility randomised controlled trial. Brembo, E. A., Kapstad, H., Van Dulmen, S., Eide, H. (2017). Role of self-efficacy and social support in short-term recovery after total hip replacement: a prospective cohort study.Health and Quality of Life Outcomes,15(1), 68. Emerson, R. H., Barrington, J. W., Olugbode, O., Lovald, S., Watson, H., Ong, K. (2014). Comparison of Local Infiltration Analgesia to Bupivacaine Wound Infiltration as Part of a Multimodal Pain Program in Total Hip Replacement.Journal of surgical orthopaedic advances,24(4), 235-241. Goyal, N., Chen, A. F., Padgett, S. E., Tan, T. L., Kheir, M. M., Hopper, R. H., ... Hozack, W. J. (2017). Otto Aufranc Award: A multicenter, randomized study of outpatient versus inpatient total hip arthroplasty.Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research,475(2), 364-372. Horstmann, T., Listringhaus, R., Brauner, T., Grau, S., Mndermann, A. (2013). Minimizing preoperative and postoperative limping in patients after total hip arthroplasty: relevance of hip muscle strength and endurance.American Journal of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation,92(12), 1060-1069. Hsu, C. C., Chen, W. M., Chen, S. R., Tseng, Y. T., Lin, P. C. (2016). Effectiveness of music listening in patients with total knee replacement during CPM rehabilitation.Biological research for nursing,18(1), 68-75. Mikkelsen, L. R., Petersen, M. K., Sballe, K., Mikkelsen, S., Mechlenburg, I. (2014). Does reduced movement restrictions and use of assistive devices affect rehabilitation outcome after total hip replacement? A non-randomized, controlled study.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine,50(4), 383-393. Ollivier, M., Frey, S., Parratte, S., Flecher, X., Argenson, J. N. (2014). Pre-operative function, motivation and duration of symptoms predict sporting participation after total hip replacement.Bone Joint J,96(8), 1041-1046. Singh, J. A., Lewallen, D. G. (2014). Patient-level improvements in pain and activities of daily living after total knee arthroplasty.Rheumatology,53(2), 313-320. Villadsen, A., Overgaard, S., Holsgaard-Larsen, A., Christensen, R., Roos, E. M. (2014). Postoperative effects of neuromuscular exercise prior to hip or knee arthroplasty: a randomised controlled trial.Annals of the rheumatic diseases,73(6), 1130-1137.

Producing aspirin by vacuum filtration Essay Example

Producing aspirin by vacuum filtration Paper Method: Collect all the equipment, using a measuring balance weigh out 5. 0g of 2-hydrobenzoic acid in a conical flask. Then add 7cm3 of ethanoic acid anhydride and also add three drops of concentrated sulphuric acid.   At the top of the conical flask fit the air condenser and mix together the reagents and then add to a water bath with a temperature between 50- 60  °C for 15 minutes.   After you have taken the conical flask out of the water bath then run it under cold water, remember not to remove the air condenser. Next add 75cm3 of distilled water, and then using a glass rod stir well. Then using a separating funnel adds filter paper to the top of the vacuum filter and then pours the solution into the Buchner funnel. Release the tap so water allows the filtration to process quickly. Then collect the solids which have been separated in the vacuum filtration Re-crystallise by transferring the crude product to 100cm3 flask and add in 15cm3 of ethanol, alongside 45cm3 of distilled water. Then fit the air condenser and place the conical flask into the water bath until the crude has dissolved   Allow the solution to cool and then collect the product by vacuum filtration. Finally dry the product at room temperature. Vacuum filtration: Vacuum filtration is a technique used for separating a solid product from a solvent, or liquid reaction mixture, the mixture of solid and solvent is poured through a filter paper in a Buchner funnel, the solid is trapped in the filter paper and the liquid is poured through into a flask below by a vacuum. A filter is used to separate the solid from liquid by a vacuum pump to force the liquid through the filter. This is why vacuum filtration is used to obtain recrystallized solids such as aspirin. We will write a custom essay sample on Producing aspirin by vacuum filtration specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Producing aspirin by vacuum filtration specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Producing aspirin by vacuum filtration specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The liquid in the solution will pass through the filter paper quicker in order to achieve a dryer product in less time. When recrystallizing the aspirin the impurities were kept in the solution, I used the process of vacuum filtration, this process got most of the water out which took out the impurities too. This process was really good to use, once all the impurities were took out the aspirin was ready to use for the next process. Re-crystallisation: Re-crystallisation is technique to dispatch a soluble. This technique relies on gentle evaporation of the solution over heat. The slower the evaporation, the bigger the crystals. This procedure of crystal formation helps to clean the substance. This is because the structure of crystal is reliant on on the form of the lattice pattern. Re-crystallisation depends on on alteration in solubility of substances so the impurities substances crystal out first so the rest can re-crystallise. Aspirin is less soluble then the impurity, so when adding cold water to it the saturated point reduces. As this reduces this shows that no more is able to dissolve allowing white solids to form. These solids form they crystallise so more products comes out allowing more crystallisation to occur leaving behind the impurities. Melting point results table: Test tubes Temperature Ca ¦ 1st try 132 Ca ¦ 2nd try 128 Ca ¦ 3rd try 130 Ca ¦ Average of the temperature: 132 + 128 + 130 = 390 Ca ¦ 390Ca ¦ = 130Ca ¦ 3 AVERAGE = 130 Ca ¦ The melting point of pure aspirin: The melting point of aspirin is between138-140 Ca ¦, my results were lower than that, this is because in my aspirin they were impurities, these impurities will lowered the melting point of my aspirin therefore making my melting point of the aspirin that I made about 130Ca ¦. Another example is when in winter the, vehicles go around putting salt on the top of the snow, the salt decreases the melting point of the snow therefore making it easier for road users to drive. So having impurities will decrease the melting point but it increases the boiling point. One way to think of it is that impurities get in the way of the bonds that would be holding the solid together. By disrupting the normal organization of atoms or molecules in that solid, the impurities weaken the bonds holding the solid together (keep in mind these are bonds BETWEEN atoms and molecules, not within them). As these intermolecular bonds weaken, it takes less energy to pull the molecules apart, which means it will melt to a liquid at a lower temperature. Conclusion- in my conclusion I saw that my aspirin had less impurities compared to the commercial aspirin, the commercial aspirin showed more dots, this is because the commercial aspirin had other ingredients added in, this will have an effect on the aspirin, it will make it more impure as for my aspirin it didn’t have other substances added in therefore it wasn’t impure as much as the commercial aspirin. Method:- First I got a TLC plate and measured 1cm above the plate and drew a line, then I measured 4cm wide from the side. Measure 1cm from the side, take 2 test tubes and put in a 3rd of the aspirin with the spatula into the test tube, then a 3rd of the commercial aspirin into another test tube. Add 2. 5 ml of ethanol and 2. 5ml of dye chloromethane to another test tube and mix it together. Take a pipette and add 1cm of the solution to each test tube containing the aspirin, shake well do the aspirin dissolves, then get a capillary tube and put it on the TLC Plate and let it dry, you place the dots with the capillary tube four times and see the colour, then get a beaker and add ethanol acetate into the beaker and wait until the four dots go up on the TLC Plate and change colour and then make a mark. Results:-From my results I got two different results this is because, I used two different aspirins, a commercial aspirin which affected the results because in the commercial aspirin, chemicals where added and in the original aspirin I got normal results. Evaluation: While I was doing experiments in found it easy to work with a partner, the method was easy to set up, I found it difficult to understand the concept of some of the techniques used. Io found it easy to put the equipment away and use it, I had no problem. But because of the science laboratory, we didn’t have all of the resources that we needed so we didn’t make pure aspirin, if I had to do the experiments again I would make sure that I have all the resources that I need to make pure aspirin.